5 defiant suffrage statements found in the 1911 census

On the night of 2 April 1911 census enumerators were collecting the details of households across Britain. Still battling towards their goal of universal suffrage, tens of thousands of women decided to boycott the census by resisting being counted in protest at the government's refusal to grant them a vote. Many women hid and attempted to confuse enumerators by travelling to different addresses throughout the night, while others opted for a more creative approach.

Uncovered: Emily Davison Hiding in Parliament's Crypt in 1911 Census

The Women's Freedom League launched a campaign inspired by Gandhi's principle of passive resistance encouraging women from all over the UK to return their forms 'spoilt'. Their supporters filled in forms, not with their details but with slogans such as 'I don't count so I won't be counted'.

Passive resistance in the 1911 census

When searching the 1911 census, you may occasionally come across examples of these protests. Ranging from sarcastic quips to serious political statements, they are a stark reminder of how certain records can do much more than simply list an individual's biographical details. They provide a remarkable insight into the attitudes of many women at the time and allow us to hear suffragette's individual protests in their own words.

In the example below, we see that the form has been returned blank and in place of household details, a large 'Votes for Women' flyer has been stuck. To add extra insult, stamps advertising a 'census meeting' the previous evening have been stuck on along with the handwritten slogan 'no persons here, only women'. You can also see the enumerator's attempt to complete the from written in green ink.

In this next example we can see that Miss Mary Howey of Cradley, Hertfordshire proudly daubed a large 'Votes for Women' slogan on her form. She listed her occupation as 'artist and suffragette ' and her infirmity as 'not enfranchised'.

Our next example takes on a more sombre tone. A Miss Kate Gillie dedicated her protest 'in loving memory of Mrs Clarke and Miss Henria Williams who lost their lives for the cause'. Black Friday occurred on on 18 November 1910 and was the first recorded incidence of police force used against a suffragette protest. She cites Churchill's reluctance to investigate the matter as a cause for further inspiration and declares;

She defiantly signs off by declaring her home a "house full of evaders".

Katherine S. Dreier used her census form to swear her allegiance to the cause. She declared that she had;

Our final example is an amusing reminder that many husbands did not support their wives' political beliefs. At the bottom of the form, in red ink, you can see Company Director Arthur Edward Maund's attempt at correcting his wife's attempted sabotage. He wrote; "unfortunately, my wife being a suffragette put her pen through her name." He dismissed his wife's act of protest as an attempt by "a silly suffragette to defeat the object of the census, to which as head of the household I object".

These fascinating records serve as snapshots of British history at an individual level and go to show that you can never be sure of what you may find when searching the census.

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